The Undoing Project by Michael Lewis cover

The Undoing Project

A Friendship That Changed Our Minds

by Michael Lewis

4.4(11,678 ratings)
12 min read

Brief overview

This book explores how a remarkable friendship changed the way we understand the human mind’s ability to judge and decide. It offers insights into why we make mistakes, how our mental shortcuts can mislead us, and ultimately, how an unlikely partnership challenged the world of economics and beyond.

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Introduction

The story opens with two Israeli psychologists who formed a close bond over shared curiosity. One was reserved and meticulous, the other lively and quick to challenge norms. Together, they set out to uncover how ordinary folks—as well as experts—arrive at decisions under uncertainty.

Their early conversations sparked a fascination with human bias. Rather than seeing people as purely logical, they noticed patterns of error repeated by everyone, from soldiers to students to professionals. This hinted at a universal quirk in our thinking.

This introduction shows us the roots of a partnership that questioned conventional wisdom. Instead of dismissing mistakes as random, they treated errors as portals offering glimpses into the mind’s hidden rules.

Every error can be a window into the deeper forces shaping our judgments.

Unlikely Encounters

The two psychologists met in an academic setting at Hebrew University. One was known for his quick wit and relentless logic, the other for deep curiosity born from wartime experiences in Europe. Their colleagues found it odd that they clicked so easily, given their stark differences in personality.

During seminars, they observed that many researchers assumed people make rational, statistical judgments. But one of them tested recruits in the Israeli army and saw how unreliable gut feelings could be. It fueled his suspicion that humans aren’t intuitive statisticians.

They started chatting behind closed doors—comparing notes on how soldiers missed obvious clues, or how ordinary people consistently overlooked statistical realities. These discussions hinted that errors weren’t just random slips: something deeper was at play.

Their shared excitement grew into evenings of intense brainstorming. The more they challenged each other, the more they realized how little we all understand our own decision-making.

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What is The Undoing Project about?

“The Undoing Project” offers a revealing look at how two psychologists, Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, redefined the way we interpret human judgment. Their groundbreaking work on cognitive biases and heuristics overturned traditional economic models, showing that people don’t always act rationally—even highly trained experts. By following their unlikely friendship, readers get a behind-the-scenes view of how personal experiences can spark brilliant insights into our everyday thinking.

Michael Lewis weaves biography and behavioral economics into one accessible narrative. The book explains how ideas like prospect theory and loss aversion reshaped fields ranging from policy to medicine. At its core, this story highlights the power of collaboration and the random paths that lead to transformative discoveries in psychology research. For anyone curious about why we make the decisions we do, this book offers a fresh perspective on the hidden forces that guide us.

Review of The Undoing Project

Lewis excels at painting an intimate portrait of Kahneman and Tversky’s partnership, showing how each brought distinct perspectives into their experiments on human behavior. One of the book’s main strengths is its clarity in explaining complex theories—so even readers without a psychology background can understand how mental shortcuts operate and where they can go wrong. These insights have real-world applications in disciplines like finance and policy-making, reminding us to watch out for pitfalls such as overconfidence and framing effects.

The writing style is vivid but avoids technical jargon, relying on stories and anecdotes to illustrate findings. Readers gain practical takeaways, such as being more aware of small sample sizes and the way emotions can distort rational choices. Though the narrative focuses on academics, it never feels dry, making it accessible to a wide audience interested in decision-making. Overall, “The Undoing Project” comes highly recommended to anyone who wants a deeper appreciation of how human bias shapes everyday judgments.

Who should read The Undoing Project?

  • Professionals in finance or economics seeking to understand why markets can behave irrationally
  • Business leaders or managers looking to refine decision-making processes and reduce bias
  • Students of psychology or social sciences exploring real-world applications of behavioral research
  • Healthcare or policy experts aiming to design better systems by accounting for human error

About the author

Michael Lewis is a renowned American author, journalist, and public speaker known for his insightful nonfiction works on finance, politics, and sports. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Art History from Princeton University and a Master's degree in Economics from the London School of Economics. With over 20 books to his name, including "Liar's Poker," "Moneyball," and "The Big Short," Lewis has established himself as a leading voice in investigative nonfiction, with many of his works becoming New York Times bestsellers and being adapted into major motion pictures. His diverse career spans over three decades, during which he has contributed to various periodicals such as Vanity Fair, Bloomberg, and The New York Times.

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